Wohnsitzmerkmale bei Zuständigkeitsprüfung
CK • Washington. Melderegister gibt es in den USA nicht, doch wird bei Prozessen auf den Wohnsitz abgestellt. Im Fall der Diversity Jurisdiction sind Bundesgerichte nur zuständig, wenn die Parteien aus verschiedenen Einzelstaaten der USA stammen. Im Revisionsentscheid Lawrence Moskowitz CLU Ltd. v. ALP Inc. untersuchte das Gericht, ob die Parteien aus demselben Staat, hier New York, stammen, wenn eine Partei ihre Absicht, in einen anderen Staat zu ziehen, behauptet. Entscheidend waren für das Bundesberufungsgericht des zweiten Bezirks der USA in New York City am 25. November 2020 diese Kriterien:
Appellants argue the district court failed to properly credit Moskowitz's statement that he intended to make a permanent move to the U.S. Virgin Islands. "One's testimony with regard to his intention is of course to be given full and fair consideration, but is subject to the infirmity of any self-serving declaration, and may frequently lack persuasiveness or even be contradicted or negatived by other declarations and inconsistent acts." … Here, as the district court noted, numerous factors were inconsistent with Moskowitz's stated intention. He kept a New York office, a New York bank account, paid taxes in New York, leased two cars in New York, owned a home in New York, and kept a New York State-issued driver's license. … (explaining that the determination of domicile considers factors such as voting, taxes, property, bank accounts, places of business or employment). …
… Moskowitz's failure to submit his personal tax records weighed against crediting his stated intention to move to the Virgin Islands. … Moskowitz acknowledged he filed his tax returns in New York without specifying whether he filed as a part-time or non-resident. The district court did not err in drawing an adverse inference from Moskowitz's failure to provide his tax return information, or even an affidavit denying that he filed as a New York resident.