Die Uni selbst genieße Immunität vor dem Bundesgericht, obwohl sie vor dem einzelstaatlichen Gericht hätte verklagt werden können. Der Staat Utah als Gründer hätte ihre Immunität nur für einzelstaatliche Prozesse eingeschränkt. Ansprüche gegen Professoren seien zulässig, aber materiell unschlüssig, führte das Gericht in einer Dreipunkteprüfung aus:
To the extent that Smith pursues the individual defendants…, he states no valid due-process claim against them. First, the crux of Smith's appeal is that the defendants violated due process by failing to follow the school's own appeals procedures. Yet we have long held that a public institution's failure to follow state-specified procedures does not violate due process.… Second, his claim depends on the existence of a protected interest in a particular grade, but he has supplied no authority establishing that protected interest, as he must.… Third, in the context of public education, the Supreme Court has held that if a student has a protected interest in not being dismissed from a program for academic reasons, the only process due is limited, flexible, and informal. Smith was not dismissed from the program; he merely received two unwanted grades.